So, in 2021 at least, all-cause EM correlates much better with rates of Covid itself than with vaccination rates. EM seems to have taken off when, despite its harsh lockdowns, Covid eventually hit Singapore.
I have extensively criticized analyses of Rancourt et al on similar grounds, for global data. To see clearer evidence of net vaccine harm in just the *all-cause* excess mortality data, you generally need to look beyond the first omicron wave. Of course, the fact that Covid eventually hit places like Singapore anyway despite the mass vaccination does show that the vaccines failed in that respect.
Your graph shows EM taking off from about Sep/Oct 2021. That is when Singapore experienced its first real (official) Covid wave:
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/singapore/
On the other hand, vaccination already began back in Jan 2021, reached a peak in early July and was at a "local minimum" in Sep/Oct:
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/singapore/
So, in 2021 at least, all-cause EM correlates much better with rates of Covid itself than with vaccination rates. EM seems to have taken off when, despite its harsh lockdowns, Covid eventually hit Singapore.
I have extensively criticized analyses of Rancourt et al on similar grounds, for global data. To see clearer evidence of net vaccine harm in just the *all-cause* excess mortality data, you generally need to look beyond the first omicron wave. Of course, the fact that Covid eventually hit places like Singapore anyway despite the mass vaccination does show that the vaccines failed in that respect.
The vaccines could never be very effective, but because Covid-19 itself could have given hardly any excess deaths: https://zenodo.org/record/8312871